托福语法之复词
下面与大家分享下“托福语法:复词+真题解题要点”。更多知识点可关注下北京新东方的托福系列课程~
托福考试复词及真题解题要点:副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样,是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来,有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项:(1)副词与形容词混淆(详见本忆要点之[词类变化])(2)否定副词Not 的用法、(3)易混淆的副词。
副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样,是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来,有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项:(1)副词与形容词混淆(详见本忆要点之[词类变化])(2)否定副词Not 的用法、(3)易混淆的副词。
副词常考题型及解题要点
1 副词与形容词的功能区别:形容词修饰名词;副词修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分
[例1] The ordeal ofthe Cherokee Indians, who were forcible moved fromtheir homeland in the 1830*s, is remembered as the*Tears*. (91.10)
[答案] B 修饰动词moved应用副词forcibly。
[例2] Although theUnited States experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nincieenthcentury, it was still predominately concerned withagriculture and forestry. (93.10)
[答案] A 修饰名词growth应用形容词rapid,而不用副词rapidly。 此题是TOEEL常考类型题。请注意以- ly后缀构成的副词通常是命题焦点。
2. 否定词not与形容词no的区别
解题要点: 区分副词not和形容词no的命题是TOEEL常考的题型,主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。当not或no出现在选择答案中,应首先判断它所修饰的中心词的词性以决定选哪一个否定词。
全真例分析
(1) Since Alaskaattained statehood in 1959------- single party has dominated politics there.
(A) none
(B) no
(C) not
(D) never (94.1)
[答案] B 修饰中心名词party应用形容词no,而非副词not。
(2) ------- socialcrusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of theUnited States.
(A) No
(B) Nothing
(C) Not
(D) None (91.10)
[答案] 修饰主语名词crusade 应用形容词no. 而非副词not。
(3) ------- allrainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground, someof it is lost through evaporation.
(A) Nowhere
(B) Not
(C) No
(D) None (91.8)
[答案] B 修饰形容词all应用否定副词not。Not all (不是所有的)是固定短语搭配,表示的是部分否定,not all = sosme。
(4) The mechanism bywhich brain cells store memories is ------- clearly understood.
(A) none
(B) no
(C) not
(D) nor (90.5)
[答案] C 否定系词is,应用副词not。
(5) Not woman held apresidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933. When FrancesPerkins became secretary of labor. (89.1)
[答案] A Not 改为No.
3. 辨别词形相近的副词和形容词
hare (努力、副词)- hardly (几乎不、副词)
close (接近、形容词)- closely(接近、副词)
near (接近、形容词)- nearly(几乎、副词)
most (大多数的、形容词)-mostly(主要地、副词)
late (迟、晚、形容词)-lately(最近、副词)
全真例题分析
(1) Chief JosephFlesche. A vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to makehis nation a proud and progressive one. (93.1)
[答案] B hardly (几乎不)改为hard(努力)。
(2) Glaciers thatdevelop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea. Break intopieces, and become icebergs. (90.8)
[答案] B 副词nearly意思是“几乎”。此句应改为near(接近)。
(3) Those electronsmost closely to the nucleus are held electromagnetic force. (92.1)
[答案] B most closely 改为most close。